American College of Lifestyle Medicine (ACLM) Board Practice Exam

The correct answer is that obesity is commonly associated with decreased cardiovascular efficiency. This phenomenon occurs because excess body fat can lead to various physiological changes that negatively impact cardiovascular health. For example, obesity can result in higher blood pressure, increased heart rate, and alterations in heart structure and function, all of which can compromise the efficiency of the cardiovascular system.

Furthermore, the additional weight requires the heart to work harder to supply blood to a greater mass, which may ultimately lead to conditions such as hypertension and heart disease. The relationship between obesity and cardiovascular inefficiency underscores the importance of maintaining a healthy weight to promote overall heart health and metabolic function.

The other options reflect conditions that are typically not associated with obesity. Increased insulin sensitivity is often seen in individuals who maintain a healthy weight or follow a lifestyle that emphasizes physical activity and good nutrition. The risk of diabetes is known to rise with obesity, making it a major concern in metabolic health. Similarly, pulmonary function tends to be reduced in obese individuals due to mechanical constraints and possible obstructive sleep apnea, rather than improved.